Or, What the heck are Great white sharks doing in the vicinity of New York City??
Since I'm the tech lead for the
Biodiversity Heritage Library, I get to review a good sampling of our digitized content as I'm testing out new functionality. It never fails to amaze me the interesting things I stumble across, and yesterday's discovery was no different.
I was checking out language on our
Developer Tools section and clicked on the example link to view the
discovered bibliography for
Carcharodon carcharias, the Great white shark:
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Carcharodon_carchariasAbout halfway down the list a title caught my eye:
"Fishes of the vicinity of New York city"
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1634152Great white shark + Fishes of the vicinity of New York city = Yikes!!Naturally, I was intrigued, so I viewed the page on which
Carcharodon carcharias had been found. It had this entry:
14. Carcharodon carcharias (Linn.) White Shark. "Man-eater."
Accidental in summer. June to July 14, 1916.
The book was published in 1918, and here the author, John Nichols, is documenting an occurrence of a Great white shark - a "Man-eater" - in the New York area during the summer of 1916.
That rang a bell - it made me think of some show I'd seen on
Shark Weekor the History Channel about historic shark attacks. So, I Googled "
great white shark 1916 new york" and got this as the first result:
Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaIt wasn't until I glanced over the content that it clicked - this is the true story that inspired
Jaws.
Jaws!! I was born a month after it came out, so I literally grew up in the wake of that film and its impact on popular culture. It defined the summer blockbuster, made a star out of Steven Spielberg, and yet also did something not so good - it further perpetuated the myth of the Great white shark as a merciless killer...a myth that grew into legend with the real life occurrence of a Great white shark in the vicinity of New York city in the summer of 1916; an event that was documented in Nichol's book.
As I read through the article in more detail I realized there were several mentions of Nichols giving his professional opinion, as an ichthyologist from the nearby American Museum of Natural History, about this rare and unusual (and unfortunately deadly) occurrence. Being a WikiCitizen, I wanted to put my knowledge of this digitized book into the Wikipedia article since it documents this sensational event within a scholarly publication. I added the title to "
Further Reading" and updated the "
Revising science" section to include a reference to Nichols' documentation of the occurrence. Within 2 hours my addition had been further refined.
You can see that another WikiCitizen and I are wrangling over some phrasing, but regardless, I've made my contribution. I've helped - hurrah!
My point here is not to keep perpetuating the myth of the Great white shark as a "Man-eater," because hopefully by now that myth has been debunked and everyone knows that Great white sharks are just perfectly streamlined predators at the top of their game - if you put up a cage in my natural habitat, led me to it with food, then poked me with a stick I might try to bite your arm off, too. No, my point is to illustrate but one of many events where science and pop culture overlap, and how efforts like the
Biodiversity Heritage Library can help illuminate them.
This factual event was widely reported in the popular press and was a big sensational story of its time. It also made its way into scholarly publications, like Nichols' biological survey. Using tools we've developed for BHL, I was able to identify some unusual results in the
discovered bibliography for Carcharodon carcharias that made me connect stories I'd heard before in a new way and motivated me to learn more on a particular topic. Further, observing this unusual result got me to contribute this tiny, tiny bit of information to the wider universe of knowledge that is Wikipedia and the greater internet.
And that, I think, is really, really cool.
An aside: Once the
Encyclopedia of Life allows user contributions, I'll be sure to muss up
that page as well with this tiny, tiny bit of information. By the way, it's great to see our
bibliography in EOL, including the Nichols reference!
Another aside: That text was copied directly from the OCR text, showing that in some cases the OCR can be quite good for historic materials (this book was published by the American Museum of Natural History in 1918).
